Which of the following can negatively affect visceral protein synthesis?

Visceral protein synthesis is primarily influenced by the body’s metabolic state, and inflammation and infection can significantly impair this process. When the body experiences inflammation or infection, it triggers a stress response that can lead to catabolic states, in which proteins are broken down faster than they are synthesized. This increased breakdown is due to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that alter protein metabolism, resulting in the depletion of visceral proteins, which include albumin and transferrin.

In contrast, regular exercise tends to improve protein synthesis by stimulating muscle repair and growth, consistent caloric intake supports the necessary substrates for protein synthesis, and proper hydration is essential for overall metabolic function and optimization of protein synthesis. These factors typically promote a positive nitrogen balance and enhance metabolic processes, making them less likely to negatively impact visceral protein synthesis.