Manitoba Nephrology Nurse Practice Test

Erythropoietin is the hormone responsible for stimulating the production of red blood cells, primarily in the bone marrow. It is produced by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels in the blood, such as during anemia or at high altitudes. When oxygen levels decrease, erythropoietin is secreted into the bloodstream, where it binds to erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow and promotes their proliferation and differentiation into mature red blood cells.

This increase in red blood cell production enhances the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity, thereby improving oxygen delivery to tissues throughout the body. This mechanism is crucial for maintaining adequate oxygenation of tissues and supporting overall metabolic function in the body.

The other hormones listed play different roles within the body. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) primarily regulates water balance and blood pressure by controlling the amount of water reabsorbed in the kidneys. Aldosterone is involved in regulating sodium and potassium balance and, consequently, blood pressure. Renin is an enzyme that initiates a cascade leading to the production of angiotensin, which regulates blood pressure and fluid balance but does not directly affect red blood cell production.