Manitoba Nephrology Nurse Practice Test

Which condition can lead to impaired cardiac function as a symptom of Metabolic Acidosis?

1. Chronic infections

2. Obesity

3. Hypotension

4. Decreased blood pH

The correct answer is: Decreased blood pH

Metabolic acidosis is a condition characterized by an excess of acid in the body or a significant loss of bicarbonate, leading to a decrease in blood pH. When blood pH falls — that is, when it becomes more acidic — various physiological changes occur that can adversely affect cardiac function. One of the primary ways decreased blood pH impacts the heart is through its effects on myocardial contractility and heart rate. Acidosis can lead to decreased cardiac output, alterations in cardiac rhythm, and impaired conduction, all of which can culminate in overall impaired cardiac function. The acidic environment also influences electrolyte balance, particularly potassium, which can further exacerbate cardiac issues. For this reason, understanding the relationship between decreased blood pH and cardiac function is critical when considering the systemic effects of metabolic acidosis. This condition serves as a direct physiological mechanism by which metabolic disturbances can lead to impaired cardiac performance.