Manitoba Nephrology Nurse Practice Test

What is the primary feature of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)?

1. Genetic mutation

2. Inflammation of the glomerulus

3. Accumulation of fluid-filled cysts

4. Vascular inflammation

The correct answer is: Accumulation of fluid-filled cysts

The primary feature of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is the accumulation of fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys. This condition is characterized by the development of numerous cysts, which are sac-like structures filled with fluid, that can significantly enlarge the kidneys and impair their function over time. The cysts arise from the nephron segments, especially the collecting ducts, leading to increased renal volume and, ultimately, the risk of complications such as hypertension and renal failure. While genetic mutations are involved in ADPKD, as the disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, the hallmark manifestation is the presence of these cysts. Inflammation of the glomerulus and vascular inflammation are not primary features of ADPKD; rather, they are more frequently associated with other kidney disorders. Recognizing the presence of these cysts is crucial for diagnosis, management, and understanding the natural progression of the disease.