Manitoba Nephrology Nurse Practice Test

What is the impact of infection related to protein synthesis?

1. Stimulates protein synthesis

2. Inhibits protein synthesis

3. Has no effect on protein synthesis

4. Improves nutritional status

The correct answer is: Inhibits protein synthesis

The correct answer highlights that infection can have a significant negative effect on protein synthesis in the body. During an infection, the body’s immune response is activated, which leads to a release of various cytokines and inflammatory mediators. These substances can alter metabolic processes, including the synthesis of proteins. Specifically, infections often lead to catabolic states where the body breaks down muscle tissue to provide amino acids for the production of acute phase proteins, which are critical for the immune response. This process can result in a net negative protein balance, as the rate of protein breakdown exceeds the rate of protein synthesis, leading to muscle wasting and impaired healing. Moreover, during acute illness, the body's resources and energy may be diverted to fighting the infection rather than supporting normal physiological processes, including the synthesis of proteins necessary for various bodily functions. Therefore, understanding the impact of infections on protein synthesis is crucial in managing patient care, particularly in individuals who may already be at risk for malnutrition or muscle loss. The other options do not accurately reflect the physiological changes occurring during an infection, as infections do typically inhibit protein synthesis rather than stimulate it or have no effect.