Manitoba Nephrology Nurse Practice Test

What is the effect of metabolic acidosis on albumin levels in the body?

1. Increases hypoalbuminemia

2. No effect

3. Stabilizes albumin

4. Decreases hyperalbuminemia

The correct answer is: Increases hypoalbuminemia

Metabolic acidosis can lead to changes in serum albumin levels, specifically causing increases in hypoalbuminemia. This occurs because acidosis can alter the protein's binding capacity, primarily due to changes in the ratio of the albumin-bound to free ions in the blood. In an acidic environment, there is an increase in hydrogen ions, which can compete with calcium ions for binding sites on albumin, leading to a displacement of calcium and potentially affecting the binding of other substances as well. Additionally, metabolic acidosis often accompanies conditions that cause protein loss or reduced synthesis, such as kidney disease or liver dysfunction, further contributing to decreased levels of albumin in the bloodstream. It is important to understand these biochemical interactions, as they play a significant role in the management and interpretation of laboratory results in patients with renal issues.