Manitoba Nephrology Nurse Practice Test

What is a significant effect of long-term hypertension on the kidneys?

1. Nephrocalcinosis

2. nephrosclerosis

3. Hydronephrosis

4. Urinary Tract Infection

The correct answer is: nephrosclerosis

Long-term hypertension significantly affects the kidneys by leading to nephrosclerosis. This condition involves the hardening and thickening of the kidney's blood vessels, which can result from prolonged high blood pressure. Over time, this can lead to reduced blood flow to the kidney tissue, causing damage and potentially resulting in chronic kidney disease or failure. Nephrosclerosis primarily occurs due to the increased pressure exerted on the blood vessels, which results in vascular damage and subsequent scarring (sclerosis). This process can impede the kidneys' ability to filter blood effectively, leading to a decline in renal function. Insufficient renal blood flow may activate compensatory mechanisms that can further contribute to kidney damage. Understanding the ramifications of nephrosclerosis resulting from long-term hypertension is crucial for managing patients with high blood pressure and for implementing preventive strategies to protect kidney health.