Manitoba Nephrology Nurse Practice Test

What endocrine disorder can contribute to Protein-Energy Malnutrition?

1. Hyperthyroidism

2. Cushing's syndrome

3. Pituitary adenoma

4. Diabetes mellitus

The correct answer is: Cushing's syndrome

Cushing's syndrome is associated with excessive production of cortisol, which can lead to a variety of metabolic disturbances, including protein-energy malnutrition. The disorder can result in increased protein catabolism, leading to a loss of muscle mass and overall body protein due to the breakdown of body tissues for energy. Additionally, individuals with Cushing's syndrome often experience changes in appetite, which can exacerbate nutritional deficiencies. The resulting metabolic consequences can further complicate nutritional status, as the body may not utilize nutrients efficiently under excessive cortisol influence. This impairment is particularly significant because it can contribute to a cycle where poor nutrition reinforces health issues associated with Cushing's syndrome, making it particularly relevant in the context of protein-energy malnutrition. Other conditions, while they can also impact nutritional status, do not have the same direct mechanism of protein breakdown and energy deficiency as Cushing's syndrome. Hyperthyroidism typically increases metabolism but does not directly lead to malnutrition in the same way. Pituitary adenoma can cause hormonal imbalances but is less specifically associated with malnutrition than Cushing's syndrome. Diabetes mellitus, while related to energy metabolism, primarily affects carbohydrate management and does not inherently lead to protein-energy malnutrition.