What causes Pyelonephritis to become a risk factor for CKD?

Pyelonephritis is characterized by inflammation of the renal parenchyma due to bacterial infection. When this inflammation occurs, it can lead to structural damage to the kidneys as it affects the tissues directly involved in kidney function. Over time, repeated or chronic episodes of acute pyelonephritis can result in scarring, loss of functional renal tissue, and ultimately lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The bacteria leading to pyelonephritis can also provoke an inflammatory response that persists beyond the initial infection, further contributing to long-term kidney damage. The impact on the renal parenchyma is significant since healthy renal tissue is crucial for kidney function, and its compromise can progressively lead to reduced kidney efficiency and the potential development of CKD.