Manitoba Nephrology Nurse Practice Test

What can excessive protein catabolism lead to in patients with chronic kidney disease?

1. Improved nutrient absorption

2. Increased lean body mass

3. Protein-Energy Malnutrition

4. Enhanced metabolism

The correct answer is: Protein-Energy Malnutrition

In patients with chronic kidney disease, excessive protein catabolism can significantly contribute to Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM). When the body breaks down protein at an increased rate, it may lead to the depletion of proteins and essential nutrients needed for maintaining muscle mass and overall health. In chronic kidney disease, the kidneys are already compromised in their ability to filter waste products, leading to a situation where the byproducts of protein metabolism can accumulate in the bloodstream. This can exacerbate the patient's nutritional status, making it difficult to maintain an adequate intake of proteins and calories. As a result, the body may start to utilize its own muscle and fat stores as energy sources, leading to weight loss and muscle wasting, which are hallmark signs of PEM. Additionally, inadequate dietary intake to compensate for the increased protein breakdown can further worsen PEM, creating a cycle of malnutrition that can impact overall health and wellbeing. Addressing protein intake and managing nutritional needs become critical aspects of care for patients with chronic kidney disease to prevent these adverse outcomes.