Manitoba Nephrology Nurse Practice Test

Following a beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection, what condition may develop?

1. Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis

2. Chronic Kidney Disease

3. Acute Kidney Injury

4. Cystic Kidney Disease

The correct answer is: Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis

Following a beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection, the condition that may develop is postinfectious glomerulonephritis. This condition occurs as an immune response to the infection, particularly after infections such as strep throat or skin infections. The body's immune system may mistakenly target the kidneys after a streptococcal infection due to the presence of specific antigens, leading to inflammation in the glomeruli (the filtering units of the kidneys). This postinfectious glomerulonephritis typically presents with symptoms such as hematuria (blood in urine), edema (swelling), elevated blood pressure, and proteinuria (protein in urine). Importantly, it can occur a few weeks after the initial infection, making the link between the two clear. While chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, and cystic kidney disease are all conditions that affect kidney function, they do not typically develop as a direct result of a beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection. Chronic kidney disease is usually associated with long-term health conditions, acute kidney injury has various direct causes, and cystic kidney disease often has genetic or developmental origins. Therefore, the development of postinfectious glomerulonephritis is