Manitoba Nephrology Nurse Practice Test

Peritonitis is a well-known complication of peritoneal dialysis due to the introduction of pathogens into the peritoneal cavity during the dialysis process. This condition occurs when the peritoneum, the lining of the abdomen, becomes inflamed. The risk of peritonitis increases with the frequency of catheter usage and can arise from improper aseptic technique during catheter insertion or during the exchange process.

Patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis are particularly vulnerable to bacterial infections, as the dialysis fluid, which is introduced into the peritoneal cavity, can become contaminated. Typical signs of peritonitis include abdominal pain, tenderness, fever, and cloudy dialysate drainage. Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent severe complications that could compromise the patient's health and potentially require a switch to hemodialysis if the infection is severe.

Understanding the risk factors and protocols for minimizing the risk of peritonitis is essential for healthcare professionals working with patients on peritoneal dialysis. This includes teaching patients about proper technique, signs of infection, and when to seek medical attention, which are all integral to successful and safe peritoneal dialysis management.